Annotated Bibliography: The Trayvon Martin Case

Ponds, K. T. (2013). The Trauma of Racism: America’s Original Sin. Reclaiming Children & Youth, 22(2), 22-24.

                This article discusses the trauma that youth of color deal with when confronted with racism. It points out that although they may not know what is happening to them at the time, there is a lasting effect left on the victim. It also points out that many adults have this experience as well and do not know how to cope with it at times.

                I picked this article because of the topic of who was being racist during the altercation between Martin and Zimmerman. What is does is define what racism is and the increase of it since the election of President Obama.  With that, it ties into whether or not Zimmerman targeted Martin or if it was a random act.

Manke, C. (2010) Law & Violence, Law & Literature 22 Law & Literature 1

                The article Law & Violence talks about how the law is just another form of violence. It points out that there is sometimes injustice when dealing out “justice”. Also, it talks about discrimination as well.

                This article was chosen because of the reactions of the people after the verdict of the case. Many believe that the case opens the door for vigilante justice against people of color. There is a fairly broad topic in this article, but it does trace back into my topic

Jacobs, D., Malone, C., & Iles, G. (2012). RACE AND IMPRISONMENTS: Vigilante Violence, Minority Threat, and Racial Politics. Sociological Quarterly, 53(2), 166-187.

                This article compares the amount of lynching that happened long ago to the increase of incarcerations today. It touches base on the increase of republican presence and how that has attributed to the increase of incarcerations as well. It points out the relationship between race and severe criminal justice.

                The relevance of this article comes from the history of race relations in this country as well as the discussion on if the incarceration of so many black men is seen as justice. I wanted this article to give me more of an insight on the topic. This is a more focused topic, seeing how it compares history to now.

Banks, R. (2001) Race-Based Suspect Selection and Colorblind Equal Protection Doctrine and Disclosure. Stanford Public Law and Legal Theory Writing Paper Series 27 1075-1124

                The article mentioned above discusses how race comes into play when the suspect description comes in. It outlines how discrimination happens when there are people being arrested. The author discusses race as well as physical appearance.

                I chose this article because it relates to the topic in a major way when you talk about how someone is classified as a suspect. It relates to the stop-and-frisk policies of the police department and also on how the was someone looks can determine if they leave in handcuffs or not. It does have a broad topic, but not so broad that it loses its main focus of being about suspect description.  

 

Annotated Bibliography: City gang Violence ” Chicago”

Listening in…To Gang Culture

Beare, M. E., & Hogg, C. (2013). Listening in… to gang culture., Canadian Journal of Criminology & Criminal Justice, 55(3), 421-452

Gang violence in Canada is a serious problem just like in Chicago. Polices are taking a different approach by wiretapping phones. “This allowed researchers to gain information about the lives of gang members” (Hogg, 2013, para.11). Throughout the article the author shows conversations gang members were having. With this evidence the police were able to convict a lot of people affiliated with gangs.

I chose the article “Listening In… To Gang Culture” by Chris Hogg because it gives the inside scoop on how gangs operate through police wiretap. It presents a broad overview because the author focuses on gang streets code, violence in prison, and drug trafficking.  The article relates to my conflict because it shows how gang violence isn’t just in Chicago it’s in Canada to.

The other America 2012

Ambramsky, S. (2012). The other America. The Nation, 294(20), 11-18.

Poverty is the state of being poor. Throughout the article Sasha Abramsky talks about how poverty in America is being ignored. She interviewed over a thousand of impoverished Americans about their experiences. Americans are struggling and it seems like the government is doing anything about it.

I chose the article “The other America 2012”by Sasha Ambramsky because it talks about poverty in America. “Forty-six million American survive on food stamps, an increase of more than 14 million over the past four years, at an annual cost to the government of about $65 billion” ( Abramsky, 2012, pg.12). I found this article interesting because it doesn’t pick on specific race of being in poverty. When you don’t have any money you’ll do anything to make money. So people turn to illegal ways on how to make money which include joining a gang.

 

Law and Violence

Menke, C. (2010). Law and Violence. University of California Press, 22(1), 1-17.

The law can contribute a big deal to how crime is just, simply, ignored. The government and/or the police do not put all effort into stopping crimes and, sometimes, actually contribute to breaking the law. In the article, Law and Violence, author, Christoph Menke discusses how the law is supposed to put an end to crime, but it, merely, does not. The article states, “Law is justified violence” (Menke, 2010, Pg.1). Law is power and too much power could be taken advantage of. Many political figures ignore the violence that takes place in their cities, but avoiding a situation does not make it better. “Law is about power, its own power” (Menke, 2010, Pg.1). 

The article “Law and Violence” relates to my conflict City gang violence “Chicago” because it is dealing with violence in general. In the article it says “law is itself a kind of violence; because it imposes a judgment that determines its “subject” like a curse” (Menke, 2010, para. 3). This is showing how laws and violence is like a curse because you can never get rid of it. Being in a gang is like having a curse because there is no way out of it.

 

Gangs, Guns, and Drugs: RECIDIVISM AMONG SERIOUS, YOUNG OFFENDERS.

HUEBNER, B,VARANO, S, & BYNUM, T. (2007) Gangs, guns, and drugs: Recidivism among serious, young offenders. Criminology & Public Policy.6(2), 187-221.Is a research study to understand the behavior of young men who repeat crimes. The study shows “The dramatic growth in violence is largely attributable to the availability of weapons, the recruitment of young people in to illicit drug market, and gangs” (Huebner, Varano, & Bynum,2007). Gangs, guns, and drugs put together create more violent crimes.

I chose the article “Gangs, Guns, and Drugs: RECIDIVISM AMONG SERIOUS, YOUNG OFFENDERS.” by Beth Huebner, Sean Varano, and Timothy Bynum because it focuses on gangs, guns, and drugs which is the bigger theme of my conflict. The authors found a lot evidence to support their research. What I found interesting was how they went inside of the prison and  did a study  

Annotated Bibliography: Affirmative action

Annotated Bibliography: Affirmative Action

Hinrichs, Peter. Review of Economics & Statistics. Aug2012, Vol. 94 Issue 3, p712-722. 11p. 8 Charts, 2 Graphs

This article discusses how affirmative action bans on college could affect enrollment and the demographics of colleges. The author also explains how affirmative action is a big controversial issue today and he elaborate on how both sides of the topic feel. He states that the opposing side of affirmative action believe that affirmative action is a barrier in achieving a society without racism and can even hurt those who it attend to help. The supporters believe it will help open more doors for minorities. The author explains if affirmative action is ban in college it can decrease the amount of minorities at a college or make them feel unwelcomed and stop them from applying. He also argues that affirmative action doesn’t affect who go to college but instead what college they choose to go to.

I chose this article because it covers the specific area that my conflict revolves around which is how does affirmative action effect universities. What I found most helpful about this article is that the author talks about the different outcomes that could happen if affirmative action is ban. For example he states “If affirmative action ban shifts minorities away from 4yr colleges, it may increase the proportion that has an associate degree”. Another thing I found helpful is how he talk about the effect that affirmative action have on different type of institutions.

Card, David; Krueger, Alan B. Industrial & Labor Relations Review. Apr2005, Vol. 58 Issue 3, p416-434. 19p. 5 Charts, 3 Graphs.

In the article “Would the elimination of affirmative action affect highly qualified minority applicants?” David card and Alan Krueger discuss about how affirmative action ban affect some colleges between 1996 and 1998. They explained that in California and Texas the admission for minorities drop. In the text it says “At UC Berkeley the fraction of black and Hispanics applicants who were offered admission fell from one half to one quarter. At Texas A&M the admission rates of black and Hispanics applicants fell from 90% to 70%.

I chose this article because it shows why affirmative action is needed and how affirmative action bans effect schools. This relate to my conflict because it explore different scenarios on how affirmative action effect schools.

Payne, Angela R.; Thakkar, Bharat S. International Journal of Innovations in Business. 2012, Vol. 1 Issue 4, p274-292. 19p.

The “Hypocrisy of affirmative action: race and the labor market” discuss what affirmative action is and how it effect some minorities. The article explains how President Roosevelt enacted the fair employment practice committee to ensure that employment discrimination based on race was prohibited. Another thing this article explains is how the U.S. contradicts their selves when they say “All are created equal” because in that case we wouldn’t have past events such as slavery, slave codification, emancipation proclamation, and the Jim Crow laws. For example in the text it says “ Hypocrisy is clear when a nationalistic propaganda states that U.S. is committed to fairness, but its history of achieving fairness for all individuals, regardless of race, ethnicity, or gender, has been far from perfect”.

I chose this article because the title was intriguing. I also chose this article because it talked about past events why affirmative action is needed. This article presents a broad overview on affirmative action it talked about past events that made affirmative action possible today and laws. This article relates to my conflict because it explains why affirmative action is needed and its effects on minorities.  One of the main things that were helpful in this article was when they talked about how several presidents felt about affirmative action. For example Lyndon Johnson made a speech at Howard University on 1965 he said “Freedom is not enough. You do not take a person who, for years, has been hobbled by chains and liberate him, bring him up to the starting line of a race and then say you have been completely fair. Thus, it is not enough just to open the gates of opportunity. All our citizens must have the ability to battle for civil rights. We seek not just freedom of opportunity. We seek not but equally as a fact and equality as a result”.

Sacks, D., Thiel, P. (n.d.). The case against affirmative action.

In the magazine “ The case against affirmative action” discuss why affirmative action is not needed in schools or anywhere else because racism is very far pass us and we can’t keep looking in the past. It also states that if affirmative action haven’t ensure equality within these 25yrs its time for a new solution. The article also discuss if affirmative action should do anything it should help people at a disadvantage regardless of what race they might be.

I picked this article because it explained the opposing side of my conflict. This article focuses on a specific area which is affirmative action in schools. This article relates to my conflict because it talks about how affirmative action effect individuals who apply for schools. This article was helpful because it made me look at affirmative action from a different perspective.

Leonhardt, D., (2007, sept 30) The new affirmative action. The new york times.

This article was about how a African American female named Frances Harris was highly classified for U.C.L.A but wasn’t accepted because California got rid of affirmative action in government hiring and public university admissions. She was overlooked and didn’t get accepted but she met the requirements. This article also discusses how she was already at a disadvantaged due to her mother losing her job, father was ill, and her school shutdown during the middle of the semester. David Leonhardt believes that affirmative action shouldn’t rest solely on helping minorities but instead those that are at a disadvantaged and he also believe you should be able to observe those outside factors and have them in mind when reviewing students applications.

I chose this article because I got to see how affirmative action being ban effected one individual. This article relates to my conflict because it explains how affirmative action should operate and give different suggestions on how it can be improved.

 

 

 

Annotated Biibliography

Taylor, S. (2005). From border control to migration management: the case for a paradigm change in the Western response to transborder population movement. Social Policy & Administration, 39(6), 563-586.

 

                The Author’s thesis in the paper is talking about how states have the sovereign right to exclude non-citizens from their territory. The Main Point of the article is to talk about how the government is an exclusionist system that doesn’t want people of color operating within their system. The government uses a Eurocentric method of controlling which only allows for certain positions of power to be able to have power over others. That is the point that the author tries to make when she talks about the Eurocentric methods of control.

 

            I picked this article for a couple of reasons one of the reasons is the way Taylor indicates the Eurocentric method of control is the reason why people are excluded from activities that are considered to be for people of a higher social status. Another one of the reasons I picked this article is because it gave me an in depth look at how the government operates when looking at people of color. It presents a specific view on how the government uses policies to exclude people of color. This article relates to my conflict because it talks about controlling the people of color when they are treated as exclusionary. I wish the author talked more about how this affects other aspects of the citizen’s rights.

 

 

Wilderson III, F. (ND). Icognegro: The theory of afro-pessimism. Incognegro, a Memoir of Exile and Apartheid , Retrieved from http://www.incognegro.org/memoir.html

Wilderson’s thesis in the article is talking about Afro-pessimism and the idea of Afro-Pessimism is that Black Subjectivity sends the people of color (African Americans and Latin Americans) into a state of ontological death which is caused by objectifying people of color by dehumanizing them and killing their mind and soul. This is one of the main points of the article because Wilderson explains that only when the people of color can accept themselves and stop objectifying their culture. Wilderson points out that we need to hold politicians feet to the fire in order to get equal treatment for all people of color.

I picked this article because it gives me a more radical look at the racism because Wilderson is known as a very radical author when it comes to race. Racism in my topic is one of the aspects that I really want to get people to understand so that is why I picked this article because when talking about race you have to understand why people see us as people of color as simple stereotypes and not regular people. This gives me a broad view of my topic when I reference border control but very specific when it comes to talking about racism within the community and government

 

            Graham, R., Skidmore, T. E., Helg, A., Knight, A., & American Council of Learned          Societies. (1990). The Idea of race in Latin America, 1870-1940. Austin: University of           Texas Press.

 

            The thesis in Graham Article indicates that racism in Latin America because a person assumes that just because it is Latin America that the only problems there are poverty and drug wars. That assumption is the assumption of those in privileged positions in the government because they don’t care for the people of color because they understand that no one will do anything. The main point of the article is to elaborate on how people in Latin America experience racism when the  American Government send task forces over that abuse their power and dehumanize the people in Latin America which increases the problem of racism because America is known for having racist organizations that try to take over every place that they can established.

 

            I picked this article because it gives me a specific look into the racism that affects Latin Americans. The article indicates that the actions of the U.S. within Mexico are the same actions that U.S. use to police the streets because they use violence to oppress people of color when they deem them as false threats in order to get politicians  funding to continue their appalling civil rights violation. This article is very useful because it gives me a historical background to the research that I am looking for when I am trying evaluate the impact of racism in Latin America.

 

            Wilderson III, F. B. (2010). Red, White & Black: Cinema and the structure of US   antagonisms. Duke University Press.

 

            The thesis of this paper is the idea of U.S. antagonism and how the government projects itself to be something it’s not like a melting pot. The main point of this article is to allow us as people of color and U.S. Citizens that the U.S. is an antagonist country that doesn’t allow for the people of color to operate within the system. The main point of the article is to talk about how the U.S. is the antagonist means that they are very two-faced organization that systematically oppresses the people of color.

 

            I picked this article because it gives me the opportunity to understand how the U.S. reacts to the people of color because through Wilderson’s article the people of color can become liberated through reading this article because it allows to see the truth of whets going on in the government. The article gives me a specific view of how the government works when applying policies that deal with the people of color. This gives me a specific view when talking about how we as people of color should deal with the government when we demand answers about their policies.

 

                        Mills, C. W. (1998). Blackness visible: Essays on philosophy and race. Cornell                               University Press.

            We can explain history in terms of dialects. Master and slave inversion. No difference it’s all sameness. Alterity only comes from when we assert ourselves in a new world of image. The negative negates themselves out of existence. They are merely a reaction to the world. Mills gives me a view into why the black body is seen as inferior when talking racism in a white supremacist government. This is the main point of the article when talking about racism in the government.

 

            I picked this article because it gave me a very specific view on how racism impacts the governments immigration policies. The idea that hill poses is the idea of black invisibility which makes things obvious on how the government looks over the problems of the people of color because they don’t care.

 

  

 

Annotated bibliography

Annotated Bibliography

 

• Dhussa, R. (2009). Tibet: A Nation in Exile. American Geographical Society’s Focus On Geography, 52(2), 1-6.

This article focuses on the historical background on the Tibetan conflict with China. The author address the points of Chinese motivation to rule that are and why they refuse to give it up. Additionally, this author talks about how the Tibetans they live under Chinese rule and how they go about their daily activities.

This is a good source for numerous reasons. The primary reason being it takes the sides of both arguments and does not focus specifically on one side. Secondly, this article provides background on the conflict, and the current conditions. Finally, the author used many references that add to the credibility.

• Bork, E. (2012). Tibet’s Transition. World Affairs, 175(3), 38-44.

This article focuses mainly on the U.S. and their view on the conflict. The article describes actions taken by the U.S. such as the fact they never recognized Tibet as a nation.

This is a reliable source because it offers a third perspective on the conflict instead of just simply Tibet and China. Additionally, it gives in sight on the politics that is involved in the Tibetan quest for autonomy on all sides of the arguments, and thus presents no bias.

• Klein, R. (2011). AN ANALYSIS OF CHINA’S HUMAN RIGHTS POLICIES IN TIBET: CHINA’S COMPLIANCE WITH THE MANDATES OF INTERNATIONAL LAW REGARDING CIVIL AND POLITICAL RIGHTS. ILSA Journal Of International & Comparative Law, 18(1), 115-165

The author’s main argument in this article is that China does not granted Tibetans certain rights. He backs this up using examples of where Tibetans were arrested and murdered for protesting or speaking poorly against the Chinese. He further goes onto detail about how the Chinese’s viewpoint of the current Dalai Lama and he is a separatist.

            This a great source because it has many references throughout the entire article. In addition, the author goes into the specifics of how Tibetan’s rights are not observed. The details in this article were very helpful as they point out the root theme associated with this conflict, human rights such as governing. Nevertheless, this article, while very useful, seems to have some bias due to the tone he takes.

• Ortolani, A. (2012, FEB 27). Why violence in Tibet is getting worse. The Atlantic

The point of this article is to describe the level of violent protest some Tibetans and supporters are willingly to go for in the name of autonomy. The author goes on to state that why these protest are more frequent than others. Finally, he concludes that these protests would most likely continue until the Chinese give into the needs of the Tibet.

This source tells us of the depth of protest that have happens and the nature of them. Additionally, this source uses examples from firsthand accounts and coverage. Overall this article was helpful has it focuses on how people are reacting toward my conflict and how deeply they care about it.

• Lixiong, W., Shakya, T., Smith Jr., W. W (2010 May/June). The Struggle for Tibet; Tibet’s Last Stand? The Tibetan Uprising of 2008 and China’s Response. Foreign Affairs. From http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/66381/wang-lixiong-and-tsering-shakya-warren-w-smith-jr/the-struggle-for-tibet

This article address that it is not the need to govern themselves but rather a need of respect that drives Tibetans in their quest. Additionally, this article is rather a review of article/books written by authors that have a biased interesting in the conflict.

      This is a good source mainly for the fact that it analyzes the views of two authors that seem to have a biased interest.  Also, it introduces new sources that can be available for research concerning this conflict.

Annotated Bibliography: Fast Food Strike for Minimum Wage Increase

Minimum Wages and Poverty: Will a $9.50 Federal Wage Really Help The Working Poor?

In this article, the author’s main arguments were that the recent minimum wage increase actually did decrease poverty from 15.6% to 11.3%. They also argued that increasing minimum wage will help some low-skill workers, but also be detrimental to some of the poor people. Millions of jobs will possibly be lost, a small percentage being the low class. It also made a point that some of the poor still aren’t working. The article basically evaluated both pros and cons of the federal dilemma.

This article was very direct about the minimum wage increase issue and very relevant to my topic. It gave background information of minimum wage and actual numbers and percentages. It also was a accurate number of wage President Obama plans on increasing minimum wage to. The article was helpful because it gave me more than an opinion. It helped me understand the real effects of increasing minimum wage on both sides, proven by numbers, equations, and percentages.

Sabia, Joseph J. & Burkhauser, Richard V. (2010). Minimum Wages and Poverty: Will a $9.50 Federal Wage Really Help The Working Poor? Retrieved from: http://ehis.ebscohost.com.proxy-ub.researchport.umd.edu/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=386063b3-4f42-4902-8f1e-cad3ec47286d%40sessionmgr15&vid=6&hid=15

Economics and the Supreme Court: The Case of the Minimum Wage

This article also gives a judicial background of minimum wage. The author introduces the idea of laissez-faire and whether it was actually ever present. Laissez-faire is the idea that business owners should be able to run their businesses as they wish without government involvement. The author feels that once employee wage starts to become an economic issue they must get involved. The case was brought to the Supreme Court.

It’s evident why this article is important to my topic; again it gives more than people’s current opinion. The historical background information will make my argument about my conflict more credible and more persuasive. It helps me understand where the issue stems from and help me to establish the bigger conflict.

McKennal, Edward J. & Zannoni, Diane C.
(2011). Economics and the Supreme Court: The Case of the Minimum Wage. Connecticut College, Economics, 270 Mohegan Ave, New London, 06320 USA, and Trinity College, Economics,Hartford, USA. Retrieved from: http://ehis.ebscohost.com.proxy-ub.researchport.umd.edu/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=386063b3-4f42-4902-8f1e-cad3ec47286d%40sessionmgr15&vid=7&hid=15

Minimum-Wage Increases and Employment in Franchisee Fast-Food Restaurants

The article explained how increasing minimum wage would make franchisers’ have to increase cost to consumers and reduce profit margins. In contrast, it explains how increasing minimum wage will not negatively affect employment. It concludes that if minimum wage was to increase, it may negatively affect the progression of the business because of the factors that would be changed, but not employment and time distribution.

The article expresses the idea that increasing wage means increases prices for consumers. In many of the news articles and other sources I read on my topic, the franchisers also expressed this idea. The franchisers also felt increasing wage drastically in an already recessed environment, would not be feasible. The article seemed to be pro-low wages for happier and loyal consumers.

Wimmer S., Bradley. (1996). Minimum-wage increases and employment in franchisee fast-food restaurants. Federal Communications Commission, Washington, DC 20554. Retrieved from: http://ehis.ebscohost.com.proxy-ub.researchport.umd.edu/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=73ba1dd3-2242-497e-a472-219079adba9e%40sessionmgr111&vid=3&hid=115

Fast Food Workers Strike to Protest Low Wages at McDonald’s, Taco Bell, Other Chains

The author of this news article basically gives an overview of the conflict and who’s fighting. The author gives testimonies from strikers in major cities. It also states how major the strike was, being that it hasn’t been a strike that dynamic in years. Last but not least, the article states the demographics of fast food employees.

This article is helpful to me because it is a current direct overview of my conflict. Current information will help keep me argument about my conflict fresh. Having opinions and claims from both sides of the conflict also makes my argument stronger.

Sandoval, E., Paddock, B., & Mcshane, L. (2013). Fast-food workers strike to protest low wages at McDonald’s, Taco Bell, other chains. NY Daily News. Retrieved from http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/fast-food-walkout-workers-u-s-protest-wages-article-1.1440232

Fast Food Workers Strike for Higher Pay

This article gives a short overview of my topic. It shows me current pictures of strikers and it states how widespread the strike went. The strike spread to 60 cities and many of the strikes too place at McDonald’s and other famous fast food chains. Strikers argued that they deserve $15/hr.

This article is helpful because is specifically tells me what the employees are fighting for. With the kind of topic I have, having opinions from both sides is not weak. The more current news article I research, the more up to date I’ll be on my topic.

Strauss, G. (2013). Fast-food workers strike for higher pay. USA Today. Retrieved from http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2013/08/29/fast-food-workers-strike-for-higher-pay-in-nearly-60-cities/2726815/

Annotated Bibliography: Google Email Ads vs Advocacy Groups

Edelman , Benjamin , Michael Ostrovsky , and Michael Schwarz. “INTERNET ADVERTISING AND THE GENERALIZED SECOND PRICE AUCTION: SELLING BILLIONS OF DOLLARS WORTH OF KEYWORDS.” NBER Working Paper SeriesNov. 2005: n. pag. http://www.nber.org/. Web. 28 Oct. 2013.

In this article, the authors compare the VSG mechanism to the GSP auction. The authors highlight the “generalized second price” auction (GSP), a new mechanism which is used by search engines to sell online advertising that most Internet users encounter daily” (Edelman, Benjamin, Michael Ostrovsky, Michael Schwarz, 2005). The authors conclude that it is unusual that the GSP auction “developed as a result of evolution of inefficient market institutions, which were gradually replaced by increasingly superior designs” (Edelman, Benjamin, Michael Ostrovsky, Michael Schwarz, 2005).

I chose this article because it provides an interesting financial argument to the Google Email Ads vs Advocacy Groups conflict. It focuses on an alternative viewpoint as to why Google implemented ads into its email service. His is very helpful because it provides a complex and intellectual argument.

Chopra, Samir , and Laurence White. “Privacy and Artificial Agents, or, Is Google Reading My Email?.”http://www.aaai.org/. ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, n.d. Web. 28 Oct. 2013. <http://www.aaai.org/Papers/IJCAI/2007/IJCAI07-201.pdf>.

This article investigates “the fact that the only entity to access my personal data (such as email) is an artificial agent is irrelevant to whether a breach of privacy has occurred” (Chopra, Samir, Laurence White). The authors also discuss and directly address the Google Email scanning issue.

This article is helpful because it delves directly into the Google Email scanning issue like a lot of current news articles do. It gives a direct prospective into the issue instead of beating around the bush like other longer articles. It also discusses the value of privacy and the legal implications of the Google in scanning the emails.

Guha, Saikat , Alexey Reznichenko, Kevin Tang, Hamed Haddadi, and Paul Francis. “Microsoft Research.” Serving Ads from localhost for Performance, Privacy, and Profit. Microsoft, n.d. Web. 28 Oct. 2013. <http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/um/people/saikat/pub/hotnets09-privad/>.

This article investigates the role of online advertising in our lives. The authors also discuss the financial and privacy aspects of ads. Thus it discusses financial motivations for advertisements. It also discusses Google as well as compares advertising methods, even in other countries.

This source is not very helpful because it doesn’t discuss Google very much. It only mentions Google 10 times by name in this article. It is helpful because it gives another aspect of the Google Email scanning issue, besides the typical, “Is Google Scanning My Emails?!” But it diverges far away the conflict too much.

Masoni, Marco . “Google needs better control of its advertisements and suggested links.” www.bmj.com. N.p., 18 Mar. 2009. Web. 28 Oct. 2013. <http://www.bmj.com/content/338/bmj.b1083?ijkey=z2RuGxxzkMpyA3f&keytype=ref>.

The author of this article discusses Google’s shortcomings in its advertising. It is very critical and criticizes the filters and algorithms uses in Google’s ads. The article also discusses Google’s shortcomings in its filters.

This article is not very helpful because it is unrelated to the Google Email scanning issue and it contains a lot of bias. The author is very critical of Google and the article would have been improved if the author talked more about Google’s shortcomings in terms of advertisements in Gmail. There would have added a level of intellectualism to this article if the author discussed the pros and cons of advertisements in Gmail, and weighed the short comings.

Gleick, James . “How Google Dominates Us.” http://www.nybooks.com/. N.p., 18 Aug. 2011. Web. 28 Oct. 2013. <http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/2011/aug/18/how-google-dominates-us/?pagination=false>.

This article discusses the role Google has on our lives. It discusses many aspects of our lives that Google has an effect on such as being the number one search engine that we use and having the number one email service, Gmail. It also discusses how Google benefits our lives and how we use Google in our day-to-day lives. It also discusses how Google is a huge global brand.

This article is also helpful because it contains a lot of information about Google and it provides good information about Gmail. It is also beneficial in discussing this topic because it provides other aspects to the Google Email scanning argument besides the fact that people feel like Google is invading their privacy.

Dave Mohler
Professors Burclaff and Yi
Information Literacy, History
28 October 2013

Annotated Bibliography

Wikipedia (28 October 2013). Edward Snowden Retrieved from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Snowden. [Last Accessed 28 October 2013].

Edward Snowden’s Wikipedia page gives a lot of background information on him and the leaks. It also includes various reactions to the leaks, from famous conservative politicians condemning Snowden, to former intelligence officers applauding him. His Wikipedia page also includes Snowden’s self-professed reasons for leaking these documents. This site had the most detail on what and why Snowden did.
Laura Poitras (9 June 2013). NSA whistleblower Edward Snowden: “I don’t want to live in a society that does these sort of things”. Retrieved from: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5yB3n9fu-rM. [Last Accessed 28 October 2013].

After Edward Snowden declassified these documents, he filmed a video in Hong Kong. With Glenn Greenwald and Laura Poitras, Snowden filmed this video to explain himself and describe the malfeasants of the NSA. It was the best source for understanding Snowden’s motivations. He also makes the case as to why the NSA was indeed conducting unconstitutionally and why the people of the United States should care.
Lindsey Boerma (2013). Edward Snowden: Traitor, Whistleblower, or Defector? Retrieved from: http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-250_162-57598041/edward-snowden-traitor-whistleblower-or-defector/. [Last Accessed 28 October 2013].
This article mostly speaks to the aftermath of the leaks. It includes both good and bad reaction to Snowden. It talks about how the Obama administration has responded to Snowden’s leaks. It also speaks to the reaction that political pundits have had regarding Snowden. It is important to my paper because it shows both sides of this controversy.

PR Newswire (2013). Defense Community United On Edward Snowden Case. Retrieved from: http://ehis.ebscohost.com.proxy-ub.researchport.umd.edu/eds/detail?vid=2&sid=fe090ac3-266c-4eb2-bf17-a9169596b237%40sessionmgr10&hid=17&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWRzLWxpdmU%3d#db=bwh&AN=201308070900PR.NEWS.USPR.NY59717. [Last Accessed 28 October 2013].

This article describes how the defense community seems to be overwhelmingly against Snowden and believe he hurt the country. It is a collection of polls all asked to the defense community ranging from, “do you believe Snowden’s leaks were an act of conscience” to “would you gives asylum to Snowden. The results of the polls were 70% and 83% no respectively. This article gives you a feeling of the reaction within the defense community, Snowden’s former colleagues.
International Business Times. (2013). Edward Snowden and Prism: Everything You Need to Know About NSA Spying Scandal. Retrieved from: http://ehis.ebscohost.com.proxy-ub.researchport.umd.edu/eds/detail?vid=2&sid=fe090ac3-266c-4eb2-bf17-a9169596b237%40sessionmgr10&hid=110&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWRzLWxpdmU%3d#db=bwh&AN=476785.20130610. [Last Accessed 28 October 2013].

This article is very detailed. Aptly named, the article tells you everything you need to know about the controversy. It begins with an in-depth background of Snowden. It then transitions to his motivations for declassifying these documents. It begins to speak of Edward Snowden’s options now, including, extradition back to the US, illegally captured and returned to the US, asylum in Iceland. It then goes into detail about PRISM. PRISM is a formerly secret operation by the NSA which accesses data remotely from popular websites like Facebook and Yahoo.

Conflict in Syria: Annotated Bibliography

Kelly Green

Spyer, J. (2012 June). Defying a dictator: meet the free Syrian army. World Affairs. http://www.worldaffairsjournal.org/article/defying-dictator-meet-free-syrian-army

Spyer talks about the Free Syrian Army and how they are involved in the civil war. He explains that the FSA is a military force fighting against Assad and the countries military. They fight on behalf of the people, they protect them and fight to over power Assad’s regime. Spyer let’s us know that the majority of them are ex soldiers from Assad’s military. He revels the FSA’s challenges like finding supplies such as weapons to help them in the ongoing fight.

The information in this resource relates to my research because it reveals one of the major opposing forces in the civil war. This is a helpful source because it shows what the civilians are doing in order to stand up against the government. It also shows them as a more organized party which contrasts the general impression showed by the media. This article also gives first hand accounts of protest performed the people, which gives me a sense of the nature of this conflict and how tense it really is.

Jackson, D. (2012 June). Lines in the sand: Assad plays the sectarian card. World Affairs. http://www.worldaffairsjournal.org/article/lines-sand-assad-plays-sectarian-card

Jackson talks about the major event that triggered the first violent outbreaks of the civil war in Syria. He surfaces the complexities of this conflict. He discusses the regional and political issues, which ignited the conflict. He also talks about the civil war on an international level as we see different countries begin to take sides. He specifically talks about NATO and President Obama’s administration’s plan of intervention in this conflict.

The information provided was helpful to me because unlike the other material I have read so far Jackson provides background information on how the conflict sparked off. Although he only gives a small aspect of the background it was a starting place for me to do further research. This article also helped me discover larger themes related to my conflict and how the war is affecting the world. The article also gives suggestion of why Assad made the different choices he has and how he thinks in regard to his strategy in this war.

Leenders, R. (2013). Social movement theory and the onset of the popular uprising in Syria. Arab Studies Quarterly. http://ehis.ebscohost.com.proxy-ub.researchport.umd.edu/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=0a33d186-4f0e-4913-8e6c-57f9a9b64154%40sessionmgr198&vid=20&hid=102

This scholarly article discusses the uprising in Syria particularly starting from 2011. It explains the difficulty that Syria had and is having in starting and in the mobilization of this conflict under their authoritarian government. He also explains how events around them triggered and help Syria and their own uprising. He reveals some pros and cons to social media in regards to Syria’s revolution.

This article is helpful to my research because it gives a pretty good analysis of the uprising in Syria. This article was the only one that I have read so far that looks at different contributing factors outside of the historic backgrounds. It is not a conventional analysis as it talks about social media. I think it is important to find out about many different actors sand his article provided me with a new outlook. The author not only talks about Syria’s revolution but other uprising. He also goes on to talk about other regions under a similar government and the difficulty of starting an uprising. This helped me to further understand the parameters of my conflict and why some things happened how they did.

Salih, K. (2013). The roots and causes of the 2011 Arab uprisings. Arab Studies Quarterly. http://ehis.ebscohost.com.proxy-ub.researchport.umd.edu/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=9d792db5-ef36-4031-99f0-c6b4ea080bf6%40sessionmgr10&vid=11&hid=16

This article talks about what the Arab uprising were and the causes of the wave of uprisings. The Arab uprising relates to the conflict in Syria because the conflict is one major demonstration of the uprising in the Middle Eastern Islamic regions. The author talks about the peaceful protest of Tunisia as a triggering factor to the uprisings. Salih talks about the uprising as a “restoration of dignity” to the Arab people. He also talks about how the uprisings opposed the political analyst assumption that a country is more successful under authoritarian governments.

I chose to read this article because I wanted to know how my topic related to the Arab uprisings. This article was helpful because it provided background information on the uprisings. Through this article I was able to see similarities and correlations between my conflict and different events that occurred in the Middle East and Arab communities. I was also able to see larger themes of these uprisings and underlying factors like bad economy, poverty, unfair distribution, etc.

Ismael, J. & Ismael, S. (2013). The Arab spring and the uncivil state. Arab Study Quarterly.  http://ehis.ebscohost.com.proxy-ub.researchport.umd.edu/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=34f2228e-6e0e-421f-b955-35e9c3c42607%40sessionmgr113&vid=6&hid=107

This article also talks about the Arab uprisings but in a different, broader approach. This article talks about the similarities between Arab uprising and different revolutions around the world and in history (for example the French revolution).  the authors discuss similarities between these events. By looking at the similarities they are able to generate possible outcomes of the Arab uprising both negative and positive.

I chose this article in order to not only learn about the uprisings but similar events.  I believe that this will help me to better understand my conflict as I look at the events and outcomes of different revolutions around the world. This article helped me to start thinking about post revolution and possible solutions for my paper. I would have liked for this article to talk more about the history of the Arab uprisings dating further back than the Tunisia protest.